Builder PHP Tasarım Deseni

Builder (Yapıcı), karmaşık bir nesnenin parçalarını oluşturan bir interface’dir(arayüz).

Bazen builder, oluşturduğu şey hakkında daha iyi bir bilgiye sahipse, bir arayüz (interface) yerine varsayılan methodlara sahip soyut bir sınıf (class) olabilir (diğer bir deyişle bir adaptör (adapter)).

Eğer nesneler için girift bir kalıtım ağacınız (inheritance tree) varsa, yapıcılar için de girift bir kalıtım ağacınızın olması mantıklı olacaktır.

Not: Yapıcılar çoğu zaman akıcı bir arayüze sahiptir, örneğin PHPUnit’in yapay (mock) yapıcısına bakabilirsiniz. Bu içerikte PHPUnit: Mock Builder örneğine detaylı olarak bakalım.

<?php 
// Director.php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;

use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;

/**
 * Director is part of the builder pattern. It knows the interface of the builder
 * and builds a complex object with the help of the builder
 *
 * You can also inject many builders instead of one to build more complex objects
 */
class Director
{
    public function build(Builder $builder): Vehicle
    {
        $builder->createVehicle();
        $builder->addDoors();
        $builder->addEngine();
        $builder->addWheel();

        return $builder->getVehicle();
    }
}

// Builder.php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;

use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;

interface Builder
{
    public function createVehicle();

    public function addWheel();

    public function addEngine();

    public function addDoors();

    public function getVehicle(): Vehicle;
}

// TruckBuilder.php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;

use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Door;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Engine;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Wheel;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Truck;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;

class TruckBuilder implements Builder
{
    private Truck $truck;

    public function addDoors()
    {
        $this->truck->setPart('rightDoor', new Door());
        $this->truck->setPart('leftDoor', new Door());
    }

    public function addEngine()
    {
        $this->truck->setPart('truckEngine', new Engine());
    }

    public function addWheel()
    {
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel1', new Wheel());
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel2', new Wheel());
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel3', new Wheel());
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel4', new Wheel());
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel5', new Wheel());
        $this->truck->setPart('wheel6', new Wheel());
    }

    public function createVehicle()
    {
        $this->truck = new Truck();
    }

    public function getVehicle(): Vehicle
    {
        return $this->truck;
    }
}

// CarBuilder.php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;

use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Door;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Engine;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Wheel;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Car;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;

class CarBuilder implements Builder
{
    private Car $car;

    public function addDoors()
    {
        $this->car->setPart('rightDoor', new Door());
        $this->car->setPart('leftDoor', new Door());
        $this->car->setPart('trunkLid', new Door());
    }

    public function addEngine()
    {
        $this->car->setPart('engine', new Engine());
    }

    public function addWheel()
    {
        $this->car->setPart('wheelLF', new Wheel());
        $this->car->setPart('wheelRF', new Wheel());
        $this->car->setPart('wheelLR', new Wheel());
        $this->car->setPart('wheelRR', new Wheel());
    }

    public function createVehicle()
    {
        $this->car = new Car();
    }

    public function getVehicle(): Vehicle
    {
        return $this->car;
    }
}

// Parts/Vehicle.php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

abstract class Vehicle
{
    public function setPart(string $key, object $value)
    {
    }
}

// Parts/Truck.php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

class Truck extends Vehicle
{
}

// Parts/Car.php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

class Car extends Vehicle
{
}

// Parts/Engine.php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

class Engine
{
}

// Parts/Wheel.php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

class Wheel
{
}

// Parts/Door.php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;

class Door
{
}

Bu örnek için yazılmış Test;

<?php 
// Tests/DirectorTest.php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Tests;

use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Car;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Truck;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\TruckBuilder;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\CarBuilder;
use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Director;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class DirectorTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testCanBuildTruck()
    {
        $truckBuilder = new TruckBuilder();
        $newVehicle = (new Director())->build($truckBuilder);

        $this->assertInstanceOf(Truck::class, $newVehicle);
    }

    public function testCanBuildCar()
    {
        $carBuilder = new CarBuilder();
        $newVehicle = (new Director())->build($carBuilder);

        $this->assertInstanceOf(Car::class, $newVehicle);
    }
}